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SURVIVING THE SUMMER HEAT
Summer brings longer days and plenty of sunshine, 但随之而来的是在气温飙升的情况下保持凉爽的挑战. 酷热会导致各种与热有关的疾病, 如果不及时解决,其中一些问题可能会很严重. 这篇文章探讨了常见的与热有关的疾病,并提供了预防这些疾病的建议.
Heat Syncope
热晕厥是指某人在炎热的环境中突然晕倒, 特别是站了很长时间或从坐着或躺着的位置迅速站起来后. 当身体试图通过扩张血管来降温时,就会发生热晕厥, which, in turn, can cause blood pressure to drop. 这可能会使足够的血液难以到达大脑,导致昏厥. 通常,躺下和抬高腿可以帮助个人快速恢复. 如果有人因热晕厥而即将昏倒,他们可能会感到或表现出以下症状:
• Dizziness
• Lightheadedness
• Nausea
• Blurry vision
• Rapid heart rate
• Sweating
Those not used to the heat, older adults, 患有心脏病和服用影响血压药物的人患热晕厥的风险更高. To prevent heat syncope, drink plenty of water, wear light, loose-fitting clothes, and take regular breaks in cool or shaded areas. Additionally, 避免从坐着或躺着的位置迅速起身,以保持血压稳定.
Heat Rash
当汗管堵塞并将汗液困在皮肤下时,就会出现热疹. Common in hot, humid environments, 它通常影响皮肤褶皱或衣服产生摩擦的地方. Symptoms of heat rash include the following:
• Small, red bumps on the skin
• Itchy or prickly sensations
• Slight swelling
Excessive sweating, 紧身的衣服和长时间的体育活动会增加你患热疹的风险. 你可以穿宽松的透气面料的衣服,比如棉质或亚麻布. Also, 避免使用可能堵塞毛孔的厚乳液或面霜, 使用无香味的肥皂,不会干燥或刺激你的皮肤.
Heat Cramps
当你因高温或体育活动而出汗过多时, it can cause an imbalance in electrolytes, which can lead to muscle cramps or spasms. Although heat cramps aren’t typically serious, 这表明身体正在努力应对高温,应该采取进一步措施防止更严重的中暑疾病的发生. You might have heat cramps if you’re experiencing:
- Tight muscles with mild to severe pain
- Stiff or curled toes
- Flushed or moist skin
Heat cramps are common for those who work outdoors. Notably, even if you’re mostly indoors for work, 如果你有预先存在的疾病,你患热痉挛的风险会增加, 是否在进行低钠饮食或正在服用某些药物(例如.g., blood pressure pills, diuretics or antidepressants). If you start feeling heat cramp symptoms, immediately stop any activity and get out of the heat, if possible. 拉伸和按摩抽筋的肌肉,并进行冷敷. You may also drink milk, coconut water, 运动饮料或口服补液来补充身体流失的电解质.
Heat Exhaustion
中暑是一种严重的疾病,当身体通过出汗失去过多的水和盐时就会发生. 如果不进行干预,中暑可能会升级为中暑. 中暑的症状可能突然出现,没有任何警告,或随着时间的推移逐渐发展. They include the following:
- Pale, moist skin
- Weakness
- Dizziness
- Nausea
- Headache
- Muscle cramps
- Fever of 100 F or higher
如果你在炎热的天气里进行剧烈的体力活动,你更有可能经历中暑, humid environments. 不适应高温的人(比如那些生活在寒冷气候的人突然遇到炎热的天气)也有更高的风险. In general, the elderly, 幼儿和患有心脏病或糖尿病等慢性疾病的人最容易中暑. If someone is experiencing heat exhaustion, 把它们移到凉爽的地方,脱掉不必要的衣服,比如夹克或袜子. Offer them cool water to replenish fluids, 然后用喷雾瓶或湿布在皮肤上喷凉水. 给他们扇风,在脖子上敷冷敷袋也有帮助.
Heatstroke
中暑如果不及时治疗,会导致危及生命的中暑. 当人体温度调节失灵,体温上升到华氏104度或更高时,就会中暑. 遇到这种医疗紧急情况的人还可能表现出以下症状:
- Disorientation or confusion
- Loss of consciousness
- Hot and dry skin
- Rapid pulse
中暑需要立即就医,以防止永久性损伤或死亡. 如果你看到有人可能中暑,请拨打911. 在救援到来之前,脱掉多余的衣服,用凉水浸湿皮肤. 在脖子、腋窝和腹股沟处放置冰块,帮助身体降温. 如果病人有警觉,给他们喝凉水.
Summary
Summer heat can be more than uncomfortable; it can threaten your health. 如果不及时治疗,与热有关的疾病可能会危及生命.
If heat-related symptoms don’t improve within an hour, contact a doctor, 如果患者中暑,应立即就医.
本文仅供参考,不作为医学建议. 如需进一步信息,请咨询医疗专业人员. © 2024 Zywave, Inc. All rights reserved.
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